Monday, June 01, 2026

New products, smaller packages and value meals are being rolled out to attract inflation-weary customers

See Americans Are Sick of High Prices. Companies Are Finally Doing Something About It by Sarah Nassauer, Heather Haddon and Natasha Khan of The WSJ.

I have done several posts on how people have been dealing with the inflation of the last few years as well as how they have been affected. Links to those posts are listed after some excerpts from the article.  Many of the things consumers are doing involve more time and effort doing things they would not normally do. This is one of the costs of inflation, what we have to do to avoid it or mitigate it.

Excerpts from the article:

"To appeal to cash-strapped and inflation-weary shoppers, the companies are launching smaller and cheaper products, pitching value packages and, in some cases, reversing price increases.

Coca-Cola is selling soda in skinnier, cheaper bottles. Target has new offerings in its toy department for $5. Automaker Stellantis is planning two new car models that will sell for under $30,000."

"Consumer prices rose 3.8% in April from a year earlier, but the problem isn’t just one year’s worth of rising costs. Americans have been smarting for years over how much more expensive everything from coffee to cars has become."

"In the most recent quarter, Walmart customers filled their gas tanks with an average of less than 10 gallons for the first time since 2022"

"several other large retailers said they were consciously allowing profit margins to shrink in order to attract and retain customers."

"When consumers feel pinched, the retailers sell products in smaller sizes."

"Clorox, the owner of the Kingsford charcoal brand, this year began selling smaller bags of briquettes—4 pounds in addition to the usual 8 or 12 pounds"

"many companies are cutting prices across their existing offerings."

"PepsiCo said in February that it would slash prices by as much as 15% on snacks"

Stellantis . . . is planning . . . two new car models that will sell for less than $30,000 . . . in the U.S., where new-vehicle prices have reached about $50,000"

Related posts:

Where Americans Are Drawing the Line on Price Increases: Shoppers are buying less where prices are rising fastest, showing that inflation isn’t being driven by demand but by companies passing on costs (2026) 

The 2025 Inflation Numbers Are Finally In. Here’s the Good and Bad News: Gasoline prices are down, but rising grocery costs continue to weigh on consumers (2026) 

The Middle Class Is Buckling Under Almost Five Years of Persistent Inflation: Workers growing tired of economy in which everything seems to get more expensive (2025) 

The Lengths Americans Are Willing to Go to Make Every Penny Count: From buying half a cow to watering down soap, people are experimenting with frugality—and it is affecting sales at consumer companies (2025) 

Are you hurting the economy if you bring your lunch to work? (2025)

More people are bringing their lunch to work because restaurant meals have been going up in price. Again, more tasks that people are performing to avoid inflation 

Inflation Has Cooled, but Americans Are Still Seething Over Prices: Many people—though not all—saw wage increases that kept pace with the pandemic’s rapid price hikes, but the psychological toll remains (2024)

Child Care, Rent, Insurance: Where Inflation Hits Hardest Now (2024)

Why do workers dislike inflation? (2024) 

"workers must take costly actions (“conflict”) to have nominal wages catch up with inflation" They have to bargain with or fight their employers to get a wage increase to match inflation.

Inflation Usually Hits Harder for Poor Families. For a Couple of Years, It Didn’t. New research on how inflation varies between the poor, middle class and rich paints a different picture of poverty and inequality (2024)

The Haves and Have-Nots at the Center of America’s Inflation Fight: There’s a growing gap between Americans who are battered by high inflation and interest rates and those who are actually benefiting (2024)

An Increase in Uninsured Drivers Is Pushing Up Costs for Everyone Else (2024) 

Inflation has caused consumers to choose what they need to cut back on (insurance)

Costco and Sam’s Club Aisles Are Full of Gen Z Shoppers (2024)

Consumers are buying in bulk to save money by getting a lower per unit price

Inflation is mentally taxing (2024)

Inflation is mentally taxing. Dealing with a straitened budget exacts a psychological toll as well as a financial one

Store Brands Are Filling Up More of Your Shopping Cart (2024) 

People are on the look out for cheaper alternatives due to inflation

Consumers Fed Up With Food Costs Are Ditching Big Brands (2024) 

After years of price increases, food companies say more consumers pull back; fast-food chains and snack makers plan new deals and flavors

Are Americans Worrying Too Much About Inflation? Two opposing views (2024)

The Era of One-Stop Grocery Shopping Is Over (2024)

One thing that I always talked about with inflation was that one of its costs was all the things we had to do to avoid it. Consumers are making 8% more trips to different retailers as inflation continues to upend household budgets. They are going to more stores to find lower prices. But it costs time to do that and probably more money on gas.

When workers were paid twice a day and given half-hour shopping breaks (Germany, 1923

By mid-1923 workers were being paid as often as three times a day. Their wives would meet them, take the money and rush to the shops to exchange it for goods. However, by this time, more and more often, shops were empty. Storekeepers could not obtain goods or could not do business fast enough to protect their cash receipts. Farmers refused to bring produce into the city in return for worthless paper. The requirements to calculate and recalculate commercial transactions in the billions and trillions made it practically impossible to do business in paper Marks.

Saturday, May 30, 2026

A Barter Game To Teach The Value Of Money As A Medium Of Exchange (and maybe spontaneous order?)

I created a barter game that I used in class. Each student gets a handout that lists 10 items that they own and ten items they need to get. Every trade has to be one item for one item. The students also get a sheet to record each trade they make. I set the time limit at around 20 minutes and they get extra credit for each item on their want list that they end up getting.

The table at the end of this post first shows the items they each own at the start of the game and then shows the items they need to get. What every player has and needs to get is different. There are only 12 unique players. So if more than 12 students show up, I start giving out player sheets that duplicate some that are already being used. Those students are probably in competition with each other and so may have a harder time than others. But I am not sure how to avoid this since I don't know ahead of time for sure how many students will show up. The game is set up for 12 players and, theoretically, they should all be able to trade for what is on their want list. If I set it up for more players, say 20, and not enough students showed up, then some students will have a hard time finding items on their list since the player sheet that has the items they need will not be in the game.

The link below will take you to a PDF file that has the 12 record sheets for each player. Each one has a table to record all the trades they made. Underneath that on each sheet is a table that shows the 10 items they start with ("Has") and then a list of the 10 items they want. My rules say that every trade is one item for one item (and Vitamins, for example, counts as just one item).
 
BarterRecordSheets.pdf.
 
One issue is how hard to make the game. In the real world, if you had to rely on barter, you would probably have to make several trades before you got what you wanted (like trading good A to get good B, then trade B to get C, and finally trade good C to get good D). So I tried to set things up so that it would be hard to get some goods on your want list (requiring several trades) while others would need fewer trades to get.

For example, using the information from the table below, player #1 could make the following trades

Apple for Blender with player #11
Blender for Belt with player #9
Belt for Bed with player #7
Bed for Baseball with player #5
Baseball for Bag with player #3

Bag is on the want list for player #1. This takes 5 trades, quite alot of work (one issue in setting up these tables is that I have to make sure some of the other goods that each player has or wants can't be used-for example, in the case above, what if player #3 wanted a bottle-then he could trade his bag to player #1 for the bottle and only one trade needs to take place-this would make the game too easy).

In this example, player #1 has to make 5 trades. But the other players only make one trade, getting an item they want from player #1, so the game won't always be that hard. The story above involving player #1 finally getting his bag works for him getting his bottle and checkers. He would make 5 trades with those same five players involving other goods.

In this next case, player #1 only has to make three trades

Desk for Drums with player #4
Drums for Folder with player #7
Folder for Fries with player #10

Something similar would happen with the glove and lock.

In this next case, player #1 only has to make two trades

Organ for Phone with player #5
Phone for Plates with player #9

Something similar would happen with the radio and socks.

In the last case, only one trade has to be made. Player #1 trades his turkey to player #2 for his TV. Then players #3 & #4 can make just one trade to get a good. The same is true for the rest of the pairs of players.

So some trades are easy and others harder. Students have to walk around and find people to trade with. It does not take them long to realize that they have to form little groups and discuss what everyone has and wants. Then someone starts saying things like "if you trade me A for my B then you can trade B to get C from this other guy, which is on your list." This happens spontaneously, without me, the teacher, telling them to do this. What at first glance seems like it would be very disorganized or chaotic, ends up going fairly smoothly with quite a bit of cooperation. Often if someone says "I need good A" another student will say "that guy Joe over there has good A" or "you have good C? that woman over there needs it." Again, that is done voluntarily, without any direction from me. So an orderly process emerges without my directing it (I've see scalpers at sporting events try to find other scalpers who might have what you want if they don't).

I do tell them at the beginning that they will often have to make several trades to get what they want, but that is it. Then I just say "start trading" and give them a five minute warning before time is up. I might remind them during the game that if they trade for a good that they now own it and can trade it for something they want.

Once the game is over, I ask them questions such as "how would you like to do something like this every time you go to the store?" No one says yes because they just experienced how hard that would really be. It is much easier getting what you want with money.

1
Apple
Bottle
Checkers
Desk
Glove
Lock
Organ
Radio
Socks
Turkey
2
Backpack
Bread
Cheese
Dog
Guitar
Magazine
Pen
Raisins
Soda
TV
3
Bag
Burger
Chicken
Door
Hammer
Map
Pencil
Rake
Spoons
Umbrella
4
Banana
Cake
Coat
Drums
Hat
Matches
Pepper
Rope
Straws
Vase
5
Baseball
Candles
Coffee
Fish
Honey
Milk
Phone
Rug
Sugar
Violin
6
Basketball
Candy
Comb
Flute
Ice Cream
Mirror
Piano
Ruler
Syrup
Vitamins
7
Bed
Car
Compass
Folder
Iron
Mustard
Pie
Salt
Table
Wagon
8
Beer
Carrot
Computer
Football
Jelly
Napkins
Pillow
Screwdriver
Tape
Wallet
9
Belt
Cat
Corn
Forks
Juice
Newspaper
Plates
Shirt
Tea
Watch
10
Bike
Cereal
Couch
Fries
Ketchup
Notebook
Popcorn
Shoes
Toothbrush
Wine
11
Blender
Chain
Crackers
Frisbee
Knives
Nuts
Printer
Shorts
Towel
Wrench
12
Book
Chair
Cups
Glasses
Light Bulbs
Oranges
Puzzle
Shovel
Trumpet
Yogurt

































1
Bag
Burger
Chicken
Fries
Ketchup
Notebook
Plates
Shirt
Tea
TV
2
Banana
Cake
Coat
Frisbee
Knives
Nuts
Popcorn
Shoes
Toothbrush
Turkey
3
Baseball
Candles
Coffee
Glasses
Light Bulbs
Oranges
Printer
Shorts
Towel
Vase
4
Basketball
Candy
Comb
Desk
Glove
Lock
Puzzle
Shovel
Trumpet
Umbrella
5
Bed
Car
Compass
Dog
Guitar
Magazine
Organ
Radio
Socks
Vitamins
6
Beer
Carrot
Computer
Door
Hammer
Map
Pen
Raisins
Soda
Violin
7
Belt
Cat
Corn
Drums
Hat
Matches
Pencil
Rake
Spoons
Wallet
8
Bike
Cereal
Couch
Fish
Honey
Milk
Pepper
Rope
Straws
Wagon
9
Blender
Chain
Crackers
Flute
Ice Cream
Mirror
Phone
Rug
Sugar
Wine
10
Book
Chair
Cups
Folder
Iron
Mustard
Piano
Ruler
Syrup
Watch
11
Apple
Bottle
Checkers
Football
Jelly
Napkins
Pie
Salt
Table
Yogurt
12
Backpack
Bread
Cheese
Forks
Juice
Newspaper
Pillow
Screwdriver
Tape
Wrench